Bad breath (halitosis): the real causes and how to fix it

Almost everyone has morning breath. Persistent bad breath through the day is different — it has a cause, and in roughly 85 percent of cases that cause is inside the mouth and entirely treatable.

Where the smell comes from

Bacteria on the tongue and around the gums break down proteins and release volatile sulphur compounds — the same family of molecules responsible for the smell of rotten eggs. Anywhere these bacteria are sheltered from oxygen and cleaning, odour follows.

The most common dental causes

A coated tongue is the single biggest source. Others include gum disease, food trapped between teeth or under bridgework, decayed teeth and leaking fillings, unclean dentures or orthodontic appliances, partly erupted wisdom teeth with an infected gum flap, and dry mouth from medication, mouth-breathing or dehydration.

Non-dental causes worth knowing

Sinus and tonsil infections, tonsil stones, reflux, poorly controlled diabetes, and some liver or kidney conditions can also cause odour. If your mouth is confirmed healthy and the problem persists, we will advise you to see your doctor.

What actually works

Clean your tongue daily with a tongue scraper from as far back as you comfortably can. Clean between all teeth every day — brushing alone leaves the exact areas that smell. Drink water regularly, and chew sugar-free gum to stimulate saliva. Use an antibacterial mouthwash as an addition, never a substitute, for mechanical cleaning.

What does not work

Mints and mouth sprays mask odour for minutes. Alcohol-based mouthwashes can dry the mouth and make matters worse over time. And no amount of brushing will fix breath caused by tartar under the gum, a decayed tooth or an infected wisdom tooth — those need clinical treatment.

How to test yourself

Lick the inside of your wrist, let it dry for ten seconds and smell it, or gently scrape the back of your tongue with a clean plastic spoon. Either gives a more honest answer than cupping your hand over your mouth.

Get to the cause

If bad breath has lasted more than two weeks despite good cleaning, book an examination at Ocean Smile Dental Clinic, Mombasa. We will identify the source, treat it, and give you a routine that keeps it away. Call or WhatsApp 0713 276 793.